Res judicata (RJ), also known as claim preclusion, is the Latin term for “a matter [already] judged”, and refers to either of two concepts: in both civil law and common law legal systems, a case in which there has been a final judgment and is no longer subject to appeal; and the legal doctrine meant to bar (or preclude) continued litigation of a case on same issues between the same parties. In this latter usage, the term is synonymous with “issue preclusion”.
In the case of res judicata, the matter cannot be raised again, either in the same court or in a different court. A court will use res judicata to deny reconsideration of a matter.
The doctrine of res judicata is a method of preventing injustice to the parties of a case supposedly finished, but perhaps also or mostly a way of avoiding unnecessary waste of resources in the court system. Res judicata does not merely prevent future judgments from contradicting earlier ones, but also prevents litigants from multiplying judgments, and confusion.
KAHULUGAN SA TAGALOG
Kung sinasabing res judicata na ang isang kaso, ang ibig sabihin ay nakapagbigay-pasya na ang hukuman sa isyu at hindi na maaaring isumite pa ulit ang kaso. Ito ay para hindi maaksaya ang oras ng mga korte sa paulit-ulit na pagdinig sa iisang kaso.
Hindi puwede i-apila ang anumang kaso na res judicata.
